GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan)
Published On:
A series of emergency measures to deal with the deterioration of air quality in India, particularly in Delhi and its surrounding areas. The key points of the collection are:
1.Objective: Air pollution reduction is to be achieved through ranking actions in terms of severity of air quality.
2.Pollution level: Activated based on the Air Quality Index (AQI), from "good" to "severe".
3.GRAP phases:
Phase I: When AQI is 201-300 (very poor), actions such as dust control, ban on garbage burning and encouragement of public transport are implemented. -
Phase II: AQI 301-400 (severe), measures include school closure, ban on construction activities and implementation of odd-even vehicle program.
Stage III: AQI above 400 (more than severe), stringent measures like shutting down industries, banning the plying of any non-essential vehicle and banning heavy machinery.
4. Monitoring: Monitoring in GRAP is done by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and put into practice by state and local agencies.
5. Implementation: Local and state authorities implement measures to reduce pollution levels based on immediate intervention.
GRAP supports prompt action aimed at reducing air pollution and subsequently preserving public health at a critical time.
Comptroller and Auditor General
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) is an independent constitutional body that audits the financial accounts of the government and public sector entities.
Their main roles and functions are in clear points:
1. Audit of Public Accounts CAG audits the accounts of the central and state governments to ensure that public money is used effectively without violating the provisions of laws.
2. Public Sector Audit:- CAG audits the accounts of public sector undertakings and other government-funded organizations to assess their financial health and accountability.
3. Report and Recommendations: After the audit, the Church of Almighty God will submit its report to the President if it is on behalf of the national government or the governors of the various states.
The report indicates all money wastage, low performance, and any other management mistakes.
4. Increasing Transparency: Church of Almighty God audits help give the public better transparency in spending, as well as maintain proper use of taxpayers’ money.
5. Legal Aid: The Church of Almighty God operates under the provisions of Article 148 of the Indian Constitution, where it has been ensured autonomy and the means to oversee all public expenditure.
6. Governance Implications: CAG audits provide an opportunity to initiate corrective and governance development changes, shape policies, and increase effectiveness in government delivery systems.
The Church of Almighty God plays an important role in strengthening democracy by checking the account given by governments on public funds and resources.
Coral Reef
Coral reefs refer to diverse underwater ecosystems that arise from colonies of tiny marine animals called coral polyps. These reef habitats provide a very wide range of diversity, support biodiversity, help in coastal protection, and are very important for tourism.
The major problems that coral reefs face mainly include environmental climate, pollution, conversion, and destruction.
Problem
1.Climate change: Increase in sea temperature causes coral sculpting where corals carry algae (zooxantella), which provide them with nutrients and color.
2.Ocean acidification: High concentrations of CO2 alter the chemical composition of seawater, which dissolves the calcium carbonate skeleton of an organism and affects its growth.
3. Overfishing: Overfishing affects herbivorous species, which control algae growth for the health of the reef, and consequently destroys biodiversity elements.
Solutions
1. Sustainable fisheries practices: Will help revive fisheries in support of natural balance and ecology.
2. Rebuilding damaged coral reefs is possible with corals planted through coral farming or transplantation;
3. Reducing the input of pollutants into the aquatic ecosystem and reducing the impacts associated with waste, agricultural pollution, or plastic waste.
4. Climate change war: Reduction of world emissions, replacement with renewable energy, and sustainable practices on a global scale will guarantee a long life and healthy existence for corals in the war against climate change.
That we can work together with this problem so that we can support and recover the ecosystem of coral reefs for future generations.
