Goods and Services Tax( GST)

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•It is a single, comprehensive circular duty which replaced multiple levies levied by central and states with a single, unified system.

Objectives of GST

•Simplification To make the complex structure of the duty simple by integrating colourful levies in one.

•Removal of Slinging Effect In order to remove the slinging effect of levies by allowing input duty credits at each stage of the force chain.

• Uniform Market To produce a single public request by removing interstate trade walls.

• Enhanced Compliance To ameliorate duty compliance and reduce duty elusion.

 Impact of GST

1•Profitable Growth GST has simplified the duty structure, thus making it more effective in the supply chain and decreasing product cost.

2. Profit Collection GST collections have constituted a significant source of profit for both the central as well as the state governments. For example, GST collection in November 2024 crossed over ₹ 1.82 lakh crore.

3.Business terrain The streamlined duty regime has made it easier for businesses to misbehave with duty regulations, thus lowering executive costs and raising the ease of doing business.

•Sectoral Impact Although sectors like manufacturing have benefited from GST, others such as real estate and fabrics have faced original challenges. yet, these challenges have been gradually mitigated2

•Consumer Prices The effect on consumer prices has been mixed, where some goods became cheaper, and others have become dearer due to changes in the rate of duty.

On the whole, GST has been an important tax reform in the Indian taxation system with the purpose of delivering a more efficient and cohesive request.

Maritime Nation

A maritime nation is a country that relies heavily on the ocean for its profitable, military, and territorial conditioning. Generally, such nations have expansive plages and use the ocean for commerce, transport, fishing, and sometimes indeed warfare.

Important Features of Maritime Nations

•Geographical Location They've plages and access to major ocean routes.

•Profitable Conditioning They carry out conditioning like shipping, fishing, and coastal oil painting and gas disquisition.

•Military Presence They often possess strong nonmilitary forces to protect their interests and trade routes.

•Legal Framework They adhere to transnational laws such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea( UNCLOS), which outlines maritime zones and rights.

•Examples  of Maritime Nations

•United States With plages on both the Atlantic and Pacific abysses, the U.S. has a significant maritime presence.

• Japan An islet nation with a strong shipping assiduity and advanced nonmilitary capabilities.

• United Kingdom Historically known as a maritime power with a significant nonmilitary history.

• India With a long bank, India engages in expansive maritime trade and has a growing nonmilitary presence.

Maritime nations often face unique challenges, such as maritime controversies, environmental enterprises, and the need for robust maritime security.

Indian Ocean riffle

Crucial Data

Casualties approximately 227,898 died and 1.7 million were left homeless. Impact on India The Andaman and Nicobar islets were ruthlessly devastated; swells reached Chennai in two hours.

Response It prompted a global philanthropic response; donations exceeded over$ 14 billion.

Assignments Learned

•Early Warning Systems The absence of an early warning system in 2004 highlighted the need for improved disaster preparedness. Since then too, systems such as the Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre( ITEWC) have been set up.

• Community Adaptability Rebuilding sweats focused on making structure more flexible and educating communities on disaster preparedness.

•The 2004 riffle was an awful memorial of the potency of natural disasters and importance of preparedness and adjustability.